The Ramban explains like this. He explains that since Pinchas took vengeance for Hashem and for doing tzedaka for the Jews by atoning for their sins he deserved this brit with shalom attached to it. Then, the Ramban asks why the Torah goes out of it's way to say Zimri's name and position. He says that it is to show that Pinchas deserved this big reward of Brit Kehunat Olam for killing a prince of Yisrael without fear, because all he worried about was the vengeance of Hashem.
How is the reward of kehuna equal to the acts of complete emunah and that it would work out and the ability to atone the Jews?
Much like his grandfather, Aharon who was willing to get spit in the eye for shalom bayit, Pinchas was willing to sacrifice himself to honor Hashem.
On Yom Kippur the kohen gadol gives several korbanot. One of these korbanot is the korban that asks for forgiveness for all of the Jews. This is one of the main jobs of the kohen gadol. The fact that Pinchas had the ability to atone the Jews for their sins shows one quality of a kohen.
These two qualities together in this one act of killing Zimri was what showed Hashem that Pinchas deserved to be a kohen, and that even though he was born after Aharon and his sons had become kohanim he still showed the qualites required to be a kohen, and just as these qualities were passed down from Aharon to Pinchas so too Pinchas would pass it down to his offspring forever.
Have a Good Shabbat!
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